Permanent magnet
The problem of creating perpetual motion machines for many centuries stirred the minds of many inventors and scientists around the world and is still relevant.

Interest in the topic of “perpetual motion” by the international community remains a huge and growing, as the needs of civilization in energy and in connection with the imminent exhaustion of the organic non-renewable fuels, and especially with the advent of the global energy and environmental crisis of civilization. When building a society of the future, of course, it is important to develop new energy sources that can provide our needs. And now for Russia and many other countries, it is simply vital. In the future reconstruction of the country and the coming energy crisis, new sources of energy, based on breakthrough technologies that will be absolutely necessary.

The eyes of many talented inventors, engineers and scientists have long tied to a permanent magnet (PM) and their mysterious and extraordinary energy. And this interest in PM even intensified in recent years, due to significant progress in establishing strong PM, and partly due to the simplicity of the proposed structures of the magnetic motor (MD).
It is obvious that modern compact and powerful PM fraught with significant latent energy of the magnetic field. And the purpose of inventors and developers of magnetic motors and generators is in the allocation and conversion of the latent energy of PM in other forms of energy such as mechanical energy from the continuous rotation of the magnetic rotor or electricity. Coal combustion provides 33 J per gram oil, which in 10-15 years we will begin to wane, provides 44 joules per gram, gram of uranium gives 43 billion joules of energy. In the permanent magnet is theoretically containing 17 billion joules of energy. per gram. Of course, as with conventional energy sources, efficiency of the magnet will not be hundred percent, besides a ferrite magnet lifetime of 70 years, provided that it does not apply strong physical, thermal and magnetic loads, however, with this number of prisoners in its energy, it is not so important. Besides, there are already serial industrial magnets from rare metals, which is ten times stronger than ferrite and therefore more effective. Lost strength magnet can simply “recharge” the strong magnetic field. However, the question “Where in the PM so much energy” – remains in science until the discovery of many scientists believe that the energy in the PM continually drawn from outside of the ether (physical vacuum). But some researchers argue that it simply arises in him because of the magnetized material PM. While clarity was not there.
In the world there are already many patents and engineering solutions to the various structures of magnetic motors – but almost no show of force in the MD mode “perpetual motion”. And until now, “eternal” industrial magnet motors (MD) so is not established and utilized in the series and not implemented in reality and the more they are not yet in the public sale. . Unfortunately, the known information on the Internet about the production of magnetic motor-generator companies “Perendev ( Germany ) and AKOIL-energy” while in reality is not confirmed. Possible causes of slow real progress in the metal in the CBMs are many, but apparently the main causes two: either due to classification of these developments is not brought to the production or because of low energy performance of pilot samples of CBMs. It should be noted that some of the problems of creating a purely magnetic motors with mechanical compensators and magnetic screens, for example, MD type, science and technology has so completely, and not resolved.
1. Magneto-mechanical, magnetic motors Dudysheva/1- 3. In their final design may well be a constructive function in the “perpetual motion machines.

2. Engine MD Kalinina – unworkable reciprocating MD with a rotating magnetic screen – MD because not brought to correct a constructive solution to the spring compensator.

3. Elektro magnetic motor “Perendev” – classical electromagnetic motor with PM on the rotor and compensator, unworkable without the process of switching to the passage of the dead zones of the points hold the rotor with the PM. There are two ways of switching (allowing passing a “point of retention of PM rotor – mechanical and electromagnetic. The first automatically reduces the problem of closed loops version SMOT (and limits the rotational speed and hence power) of the two below. In the” eternal engine “can not work.

4. Electromagnetic Engine Minato – a classic example of an electromagnetic motor with PM rotor and the electromagnetic compensator, ensuring the passage of a magnetic rotor points, “retention” (by Minato point of collapse “). In principle, it is just a working electromagnetic motor with high efficiency. The maximum attainable efficiency – approximately 100% inefficient mode of “eternal” MD.

5. Johnson Motor – analog electromagnetic motor “Perendev” with a compensator, but with even lower energy.

6. Magnetic motor-generator Shkondina – electromagnetic motor with the PM, working on the strength of the magnetic repulsion PM (without compensator). Structurally complex has a collector-brush unit, its efficiency order of 70-80%. Inefficient mode of perpetual MD.

7. Electromagnets Motor-generator Adams – it is indeed the most perfect of all known – the electromagnetic motor-generator that works as a motor-wheel Shkondina, only the forces of magnetic repulsion PM from the ends of electromagnets. But this motor-generator on the PM structurally much simpler magnetic motor-generator Shkondina. In principle, its efficiency can only approach 100%, but always be subject to the commutation of the electromagnet winding brief high-intensity pulse with a charged capacitor. Inefficient mode of “eternal” MD.

8. Electromagnetic motor Dudysheva. Reversible electromagnetic motor with an external magnetic rotor and the central stator electromagnets). Efficiency of it’s not more than 100% because of the openness magnetic / 3 /. This EMD is checked in (photo layout available).

There are other EMD, but they are roughly the same principles of action. Nevertheless, the development of theory and practice of magnetic engines in the world is gradually going. It is especially significant, real progress on CBMs there has been precisely in low-cost combined magnetic-electromagnetic engines using a high-performance permanent magnets in them. These next few analogs so important to the global community – the eternal archetypes of magnetic motor-called electromagnetic motors, generators (EMDG) with electromagnets and permanent magnets on the stator and rotor. And they really exist continuously improved and even some of them are already commercially available. Quite a lot, it was reported on the Internet and articles about their designs with photos and their experimental studies. For example, a known effective, already tested in the metal – relatively low cost electromagnetic motor-generator Adams / 1 /. And some of the simplest design combined EMDG even already reached the mass production and mass deployment. This, for example, serial electromagnetic motor-wheel Shkondina applied to Electric.

However, the construction and energy of all known EMDG still quite inefficient, that does not allow them to operate in a mode of “perpetual motion”, i.e. without an external source of electricity.

Nevertheless, the path of constructive and radical improvement of the energy is known EMDG. It is this more energetically committed to the options that can cope with this challenge – fully autonomous mode of “eternal” electromagnetic motor-generator-all without the consumption of electricity from an external source and are discussed in this article.

This article examines the development and description of the principle of the original design of a simple electromagnetic motor-generator of a new type of arc electromagnet on the stator and all with one permanent magnet (PM) on the rotor, with the polar rotation of the PM in the gap of an electromagnet, which is fully operational and in standby ” perpetual motion generator.

Previously, and in part this construction of such an unusual polar EMD in any other reversible option has already been tested on the operating model of the author’s article and showed relatively high efficiency and energy performance.
A permanent magnet rotor for a complete rotation around its axis almost continuously experiencing unidirectional accelerating the time of the power of the magnetic interaction with the magnetic poles of an electromagnet, which leads him into the rotation and gradually accelerates to an electric generator on a common shaft rotation to a given steady speed.
Further improvements to ensure this method of control winding electromagnet MD alternating current required frequency and phase directly from the output of an electric alternating current in the steady state of work is the introduction of such a system, magnetic motor – generators parallel resonant LC circuit – a circuit of two-inductance of the coil and the stator windings An electric generator and the additional introduction of the output electric power generator circuit 8 additional electrical capacitor to ensure its self-excitation and subsequent electric LC resonance, to reduce electrical losses and extremely easy to control inductance alternating current to the required phase voltage and current from the generator.
Clearly, for the operation of the device in a mode of “perpetual motion” must be obtained from the permanent magnet rotor loose enough energy to generate electric generator on the shaft of EMD required for the fully autonomous operation of the system-electricity. Therefore, the most important condition is to ensure sufficient amount of torque on the magnetic rotor of the generator for the development of CBM on its shaft a sufficient amount of electricity, which would have more than enough power and the electromagnet, and the payload of a given value and compensation for various losses inherent in such an electromechanical system with a PM on the rotor. After the promotion and achievement of 4 PM 5 Nominal rotor speed, the power coil 3 is already implementing a switch from an electric generator, or through an additional voltage converter and starter source of electricity or do disable or turn it into a charge from an electric generator on the shaft of the EMD.

REQUIRED UNITS CONSTRUCTION AND ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL OF THIS motor-generator mode “perpetual motion”

This is an important condition of the MD in the mode of “perpetual motion” can be satisfied only if both of the at least six conditions:

1. application of the CBM modern strong niobium permanent magnet providing a maximum torque of the rotor with minimum dimensions of PM.

2. Application on the stator MD efficient beyond low cost scheme electromagnet MD by extremely high number of turns in the winding of the electromagnet and the correct effective design of its magnetic core and windings.

3. Need for starter and starter power source for starting and acceleration of CBMs with power from the electromagnet switch.

4. Proper control algorithm of electric current in the coil of an electromagnet in the direction, magnitude, depending on the position of PM rotor.

5. Harmonization of electrical parameters and the electric coil of an electromagnet.

6. Correct algorithm for switching power supply circuit of the electromagnet coils when the inclusion of an electric circuit in the electrical circuit of the electromagnet coil and the transfer of the starting power source, such as AB from the regime of detente in the mode of its electrical charge.

Consider the algorithm for switching electric current in the coil in the presence of a magnet strip on the rotor EMD for one revolution of the rotor. To ensure the effective operation of the EMD with the combined diagrams of the rotor position and direction of current flow in the stator winding of the electromagnet. It follows from these diagrams, the essence of proper control algorithm electromagnet EMD lies in the fact that one full revolution of the rotor PM electric current in an inductive winding of an electromagnet makes two full oscillations. I.e. simply put, the frequency of electric current supplied to the coil of an electromagnet by acceding to an electronic switch controlled by commands of PM rotor position sensors, is a double rotor speed and phase of the electric current is strictly synchronized with the position of PM rotor. EMD. Since the switch to switch the direction of current in the winding (reverse current) is strictly at the magnetic equator PM at the coincidence of the magnetic poles of the magnetic poles of the PM and ends in the air gap magnetic core magnetic core of an electromagnet, as a result, over one full revolution of the rotor PM, he feels constantly accelerating unidirectional point rotation, and twice the attraction of unlike magnetic poles of the electromagnet and the magnetic ends of the PM rotor, and twice – at the expense of the magnetic forces of repulsion of magnetic poles of the same name.
This section of the article briefly discusses important issues and the fundamentals of designing and selecting key elements EMDG – permanent magnets, electromagnets and electric EMD, and depend on a normal work EMDG in the mode of “perpetual motion generator”
Note:
Details and parameters of the chosen design layout of the existing EMD, permanent magnet rotor and the parameters of the electromagnet in the original article has not fully disclosed (know-how). The author is interested in business cooperation proposals from investors for the development, design and manufacture of the development of the industrial design of the efficient electromagnetic motor-generator unit on the TOR of the customer on a given power.
All those who are well acquainted with the principle of the device and an electromagnet, surely know that the electromagnet attracts foreign PM or metals is dc. And many of its output parameters, such as the lifting force of the electromagnet and its power consumption and, hence, efficiency (in terms of energy efficiency watt / kg at the rising of the goods, defined mainly construction, magnetic characteristics and magnetic parameters of the winding of the electromagnet and the value of his work gap.

It is known that any magnetic core has a magnetic hysterics loop, and that its magnetic energy is determined by the product VhN, where B is the magnetic induction and H-coercive force.

In the case of our EMD are cyclical intervals of his work in time, in which the electromagnet coil current flows semi definite, when an electric current in the coil of an electromagnet of an electronic switch. That is why to this electromagnet is also quite well-known method of calculation applied dc electromagnets.

On the choice of permanent magnets for the rotor “eternal” EMDG. The most important elements of the device “perpetual motion”. Certainly are permanent magnets, which in essence and is a source of energy for the whole system. Therefore, their correct choice depends on performance of the system and its energy performance. Permanent magnets are characterized by three main parameters: residual magnetic induction Br, coercive force HC and energy product BH.

Br determines the magnitude of magnetic flux. If a generator is to put the magnets with higher magnetic induction, the proportion (roughly speaking) will increase the voltage on the windings, and hence the power generator.

HC determines the magnetic tension. If a generator is to put the magnets with higher, the magnetic field can overcome the large air gaps. And be able to “support the current” in a larger number of stator. During the modification of an industrial generator of permanent magnets to wind additional coils usually nowhere, so high coercive force is useful in the manufacture of homemade generator with a stator with no iron. To “break” a significant air gap without much ns not do. Rare earth magnets are the leaders on this indicator. BH is calculated per 1 m3 of magnets, is the product obtained is less than the product of Br on the HC. The magnitude of BH can be judged on how much will be small size of the magnetic system.

Now what are magnets? For manufacture of homemade magnetic motor-generator advisable to use only two types of magnets: ferrite, which are used in the speakers and the most powerful currently REM (rare earth metal) of neodymium magnets. Standard features of these (note that the scatter of parameters is very large, given some average figures):

• barium ferrite magnets:
4500 kg/m3; Br = 0,2 – 0,4 T, ns = 130 – 200 kA / m; BH = 10 – 30 kJ/m3; price 100 – 400 $ / kg, maximum temperature of 250 degrees.

• Strontium ferrite magnets:
4900 kg/m3; Br = 0,35 – 0,4 T, ns = 230 – 250 kA / m; BH = 20 – 30 kJ/m3; price 100 – 400 $ / kg, maximum temperature of 250 degrees.

• Rare-Earth Magnets Nd-Fe-B:
7500 kg/m3; Br = 0,8 – 1,4 T, ns = 600 – 1200 kA / m; BH = 200 – 400 kJ/m3; price 2000 – 3000 $ / kg and a maximum temperature of 80 – 200 degrees.

If you calculate the cost of one cubic meter of the magnet and then divide by BH, the number of joules stored there, it appears that the barium magnets twice as neodymium cheaper cost of energy available in the magnets. But this gain “eaten up” large dimensions of the generator and a more severe wound, and iron. Therefore, to apply home-made electromagnetic motor-generator expensive neodymium magnets are very profitable. And to the extent that they are becoming cheaper, the neodymium magnets are out of competition.
The question arises – what kind of power generator to choose for use in this unusual electromagnetic motor-generator? For example, during its actual layout? It is only logical to take for this purpose, apparently, a standard automotive power generator with a finished H / V rectifier control system and node consistency in the parameters with the parameters of on-board car battery (AB) and the speed of the rotor PM EMD.
Most easy to implement a simple working model of the “eternal” electromagnetic motor on a conventional inductive electricity. The design such an inductive electric meter already ready with multi turn electromagnetic induction coil and a non-magnetic rotor, i.e. already have almost everything you need to complete construction of our eternal MD except the switch and the permanent magnets at the rotor. . The design of the inductive electric meter shown in Figure 6 Due to the small gap between the upper and lower portions of the standard magnetic voltage transformer of the electric meters are significant magnetic field in the gap, thereby increasing torque permanent magnet rotor, in contrast to the construction of the MD with the polar rotation these PM rotor. Naturally, the working gap in the magnetic cores should be sufficient height for the passage of a rotor placed on it with the PM, when it rotates. The permanent magnet rotor recommend using the 3.6 disk strong magnets on the basis of niobium alloys, a height not exceeding 10 mm with fixed them on the rotor in a special non-magnetic clip. The electronic switch as a standalone bridge inverter is connected to the outputs of the windings of an electromagnet, a power switch in the starting mode of EMD receives from a small-sized battery (in Fig. Not shown)
In these analogues EMDG Adams and Shrouding to rotate the permanent magnet rotor is made of pulsed electromagnetic repulsion at the time of their passing over the poles of electromagnets. . And in the rest of the time in the back of PM rotor these reels operate in generator mode, producing electricity that is returned to the onboard battery. As a result, a large part of the trajectory while rotating PM rotor is decelerated, and because of this imperfect control algorithm of the stator electromagnets of the rotor PM is not getting enough torque, i.e. underutilization of its hidden magnetic energy. Therefore, the production of Chinese Electric, and on other Electric and electromagnetic motor-wheel Shkondina maximum speed is limited to speeds of only about 25km/chas. This arises because they both work in the motor mode, begin to work simultaneously and in the generating mode i.e. PM rotor specifically begin to decelerate. In our electromagnetic motor – generator with an electromagnet of the brake mode is not, because by proper control algorithm winding an electromagnet, a magnetic rotor PM have continuously accelerating torque as the magnetic forces of repulsion and attraction of the PM-rotor and stator magnetic poles of an electromagnet, since the frequency switch (reverse) current in the coil of an electromagnet is twice the frequency of rotation of the rotor PM. Therefore, PM rotor s proposed version of the EMDG is working at full force and magnetic force is continuously twisted PM rotor, unlike a motor and wheels Shkondina unlike magnetic motor generator Adams Load shaft EMD in the name of the standard generator of rotation, however, if you replace the standard electric generator electric generator with the original PM on the rotor and the inductive bifilar stator winding, it is possible to substantially eliminate the influence anti emf and times to reduce the mechanical load on the shaft EMD
Proposed and developed for the design and the electrical part of the original electromagnetic motor-generator sets, some of which have previously been tested.

The energy performance of the proposed electromagnetic motor-generator with an electro-magnet AC significantly higher than comparable counterparts because of much better use of hidden internal magnetic energy permanent magnet rotor… Therefore, the specific power on the shaft of a magnetic rotor such proposed EMDG will be much (at times) higher than in the known combined EMDG Adams and Shkondina.

It is proposed EMDG able to work in the mode of “perpetual motion” as an electromagnetic motor with PM on the rotor produces excessive mechanical shaft power, and the required electrical energy for. The work of his electromagnet with an excess produces an electric generator located on its shaft.