Perpetual motion machine. On the possibility of creating systems with an efficiency of> 1

As is known, in 1775 the French Academy of Sciences issued a decision banning the consideration of any type of models of so-called “perpetual motion”.

What is a “perpetual motion”? There are several classifications of the term.

1. “Perpetual motion machine of the first kind” – a closed system, the continuous movement only by the energy of the system, without the energy (in whatever form) from the outside.

2. “Perpetual motion machine of the second kind”, as opposed to “perpetual motion machine of the first kind”, which uses – or “unconventional” form of energy coming from the outside.

For example, “unusual” energy source may be heat surrounding this system. Ie “eternity” movement depends on the temperature of the environment in which the system installation. For a long time all over the world there was a ban on the creation of systems of both types. Any development and even successful experiments were considered as “pseudo”.
Try this simple experiment. Take a few wires (eg, copper). By law, the amount of the Volta electromotive force in these conductors is zero. This is obvious. Connect these wires to each other so that they form a closed circuit. Toka will not be. We used copper conductors. But, by law, Volta, any number of conductors connected in such a manner, form a chain, in which the EMF = 0.

Proves the opposite. We form a chain: Cu-Bi-Al-Cu-Te-Al-Cu. In this chain will emf = 10 mkV. Because of the different thermodynamic properties in the field of contacts. There might be other combinations. Thus, we have created a “perpetual motion machine of second kind.

Is it possible to create a “perpetual motion machine of the first kind”? Yes.

Consider the electric circuit through which flows a constant current. Power N = I * U, ie power directly proportional to current strength (and depends on it). Current intensity I = q / t, ie amperage – this count charges transported per unit time. Ie will move faster than the charges, the greater the current strength and power. To increase the rate of charge transport system must perform the work. And for the commission of the need to expend energy. But is it necessary? “Classic” answer – always, because can not perform work without the cost of energy.

Proves the opposite. Let’s put next to the cathode electrode is connected to the source of high negative potential. Theoretically, the field of the electrode will repel the electrons emitted by the cathode toward the anode. Ie this field will perform work on the transfer of electrons, increasing their speed and, consequently, increasing the current strength and power. The negative potential at the same time not be spent.

Practically, this mechanism is used in the scheme set up by Alexander Chernetskii. In his scheme of arc discharge field accelerates charged particles (the so-called pinch effect). (Detailed description in: AV Chernetskii “On the physical nature of bio-energy phenomena and their modeling”, ed. Vsesoyuz.zaochn.politehn.instituta, Moscow, 1989).

In the 80s A. Chernetskii demonstrated to yield 500kVt “free energy”, which was confirmed by the famous physicist G. Puthofom (Harold Puthoff). Ie power 500kVt was obtained without the cost of energy. Efficiency schemes Chernetskii much greater than 1. In the U.S. patented scheme similar scheme Chernetskii. (US patent No 5416391 and No 5449989)
In 1995, the U.S. was awarded a patent for an invention T. Kawai, generator driving force. (Teruo Kawai “Motive Power Generating Device” US patent No 5.436.518, 25 July 1995).

Efficiency “generator Kawai” – 318%. There are other patented products “perpetual motion of the first kind. For example, Howard Johnson “Magnetic Force Generating Method and Apparatus” US patent No 4.877.983.

And “Kawai generator and generator Johnson’s use of the potential field to carry out the work – accelerating a rotor consisting of permanent magnets. Potential (in both devices – the field of permanent magnets) is not spent.

The structure of the potential field.

Imagine that in a closed system, there are two equal oppositely directed forces, F and-F. Then F + (-F) = 0. But does this mean that both forces have disappeared?